This is a system made up of sp 2 electrons - hardly the definition of a strongly correlated material - and yet it displays the hallmarks of topological order, which include dissipationless transport and emergent particles with fractional charge and statistics. Moreover, as if to make the point even stronger, these discoveries came almost simultaneously with a flurry of spectacular observations in graphene, including the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect 5, 6. Emergent phenomena include flocking behavior, in which large flocks create beautiful, always varying, dynamic patterns in flight the architecture of beehives. Although part of a wider surge in interest in topologically protected states of matter, the excitement surrounding topological insulators was principally due to the robust nature of the metallic surface states that characterized them, and the relatively loose requirements for their realization: neither strong electron–electron interactions nor low-dimensionality are required. Anderson, 1972: What are the fundamental principles and the relevant. This taste for emergent properties coincided with the experimental discovery of topological insulators, which was made on the back of large strides forward in the understanding of electronic states in terms of topological invariants - essentially a geometric property of the electron wavefunction 4. If the everyday laws of nature can conspire to show up quantum-like phenomena, there is hope to form mental pictures of how the atomic world works. A unified theory of emergent equilibrium phenomena in active and passive matter. This description captures the hierarchical structure outlined by Anderson and illustrates two distinct types of limit of a mesoscopic dynamics: A long-time ensemble thermodynamics in terms of.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |